1、抓住短文的論點(diǎn),論據(jù)并明確作者用以論證的方法是歸納、類推還是演繹;歸納法是指從個(gè)別實(shí)例出發(fā),最后得出一般性結(jié)論,是一個(gè)從個(gè)別到一般的推論方法。類推是指先列舉出一個(gè)實(shí)例,然后從這個(gè)實(shí)例得出的論點(diǎn)出發(fā)去推想其他的情況。演繹法是指從一般陳述開始,最后給出具體、特殊的結(jié)論,是一種從一般到個(gè)別的推理方法;例如:There are two reasons for why many people are not satisfied with their work ……So they can enjoy their work。即屬于演繹法;
2、論述文通常立中有駁、駁中有立,閱讀中要特別注意其中的反駁內(nèi)容;例如: The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。“but”否定了前面的觀點(diǎn);
3、抓住論證中表示因果(because,as a result,therefore等)、遞進(jìn)(moreover,in addition等)和轉(zhuǎn)折(but,however等)的信號(hào)詞;
4、注意作者使用的表達(dá)自己贊同、反對(duì)等感情色彩的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或句型。例如:agree、oppose、be against、objectively、certainly、surely、The same is true of、I would certainly prefer the ……等等。